Legal Regulation of Information Technology: Information and Support

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Andrew D. Murray

Law Department
London School of Economics and Political Science
Houghton Street
London WC2A 2AE

Tel: 020 7849 4645 Fax: 020 7955 7366
a.murray@lse.ac.uk


Welcome to LL.420

Legal Regulation of Information Technology is a full-unit option available to LSE LL.M. students. Other Masters programme students may take the course with the permission of the course organiser if this is acceptable to their degree programme. To check availability of this course on your programme consult the Calendar.

This page is designed to provide support for all students taking the postgraduate option in Legal Regulation of Information Technology at the London School of Economics and Political Science


Part One - The Class

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this course is to examine the impact digital technologies such as computerisation and Internet Communications are having, firstly, on substantive law, and, secondly, on the legal process and the nature of law. The subject of “Computer Law” developed in the 1970s from a patchwork of specialist applications of ordinary rules of contract, criminal law, torts etc to form a rapidly growing specialist cognate discipline. It has now expanded to embrace (or be subsumed by) the emergent field of legal regulation of the Internet. This course intends to examine the legal ramifications of digitisation, and the Internet. It includes topics such as e-commerce, intellectual property rights in digital content, privacy rights in relation to electronic information, content liability, censorship and freedom of expression, digital property and computer crime. Themes relevant throughout the course will be discussed such as globalisation, trans-jurisdictionality, enforcement issues, regulatory forms (including self-regulation and soft law) and the competing lobbies for consumers, corporations, industry players, rights-holders and cyber-libertarians. Sources will be drawn from the legal systems of the UK, the US, the EC and Australia.

The objectives of the course are to enable students:

(a) to understand and deal with the legal issues associated with digitisation, digital content and the Internet, and

(b) to consider the impact of digitisation on law, society, and individual.

Teaching Methodology

This class will be taught by one two-hour seminar per week which meets on Tuesday afternoons between 2pm and 4pm in Room A.698.


Students are expected to carry out the reading contained on the reading list and be in a position to discuss the issues raised in the reading at the following meeting of the class. Each class will consist of a short lecture and discussion. The lecture materials will pertain to the following week’s class.

The teaching programme uses the Socratic method to approach issues of contemporary significance. The Socratic Method is used for two reasons (1) As a subject of contemporary value and international significance the discourse this opens among a truly international student body is more illuminating and instructive than to use a method of direct instruction; and (2) the belief that interrogating the facts will reveal the truth. There are no prerequisites for this course.

NOTE: THERE ARE NO LECTURES FOR THIS CLASS.

Course Texts

All texts recommended for purchase may be bought online through the On-line Bookshop.

The recommended texts for purchase for this class are:

Also recommended:

Course Assessment

The course will be assessed by means of one assessed essay of no more than 8000 words and a two-hour unseen examination to be held during the examinations period at a date and time to be advised in the LSE examinations timetable.

The essay will be on a topic of the candidate’s choice as approved by the Course Convenor by at latest Week 10 of the Lent Term.

The assessed essay will be due for submission on Thursday 19th August 2010.

OR

Alternatively Candidates may elect to complete a 15,000 word dissertation on a topic related to the Legal Regulation of IT. This must be approved by the Programme Director.

All Essays MUST be submitted with a signed plagiarism statement and cover sheet.

External Examination Procedures

The external examiner is Professor Robert Clark of University College Dublin.

LL.420 - Class Timetable

 

Michaelmas Term 2009

 

 

Subject

 

Date

An Introduction to IT Law

An introduction to the subject matter and content of the course.

Tue 6 Oct.

The Technology of the Information Society

Basic terminology and Technology.

  • An introduction to Computers, Cyberspace and Internet Technology
  • How they developed and what role they play in modern society.

Tue 13 Oct.

Law and the Digital Society

Digitisation and Law.

  • The worlds of Atoms and Bits
  • The move from Atoms to Bits
  • Digital Convergence
  • The Cross-border challenge of information law

Tue 20 Oct.

Law, Commerce and Digitisation 1

Branding and Trade Marks in the Information Society 1

  • Trade Marks and Branding
  • Trade Marks in the Global Business Environment
  • Domain Names as Badges of Identity
  • Trade Mark/Domain Name Disputes
  • The ICANN UDRP
  • The Nominet DRS

Tue 27 Oct.

Law, Commerce and Digitisation 2

Branding and Trade Marks in the Information Society 2

  • Initial interest Confusion
  • Search Engines
  • Secondary Markets
  • Dilution

Tue 3 Nov.

Law, Commerce and Digitisation 3

Electronic Contracting

  • Contracting Informally
  • UNCITRAL Model Law
  • E-Commerce Directive
  • Formal Contracts

Tue 10 Nov.

Law, Commerce and Digitisation 4

Electronic Signatures

  • Electronic Signatures
  • Advanced Electronic Signatures
  • E-Signatures Directive
  • PKE and Encryption

Tue 17 Nov.

Law, Commerce and Digitisation 5

Electronic Payments and Taxation

  • Electronic Payments
  • The Electronic Money Directive
  • Ecommerce Taxation

Tue 24 Nov.

Law, Society and Digitisation 1

The Electronic Public Sphere

  • Introduction: The Public Sphere
  • E-government
  • The Digital Divide.
  • The Democratic Divide

Tue 1 Dec.

Law, Society and Digitisation 2

 

Information Technology and the Legal Profession

  • Knowledge Management
  • Gottschalk’s Knowledge Matrix
  • The use of information technology in the legal profession.
  • Susskind’s ‘Grid’
  • Susskind’s Alternate Legal Services Market

Tue 8 Dec.

 

Lent Term 2010

 

Subject

 

Date

 

Intellectual Property Rights 1

 

Software Copyright

  • Copyright in Computer Software.
  • Literal Copying
  • Non-Literal Copying
  • Permitted Acts

Tue 12 Jan.

Intellectual Property Rights 2

 

Patent Protection for Computer Software

  • Software Patents and Business Methods Patents
  • The European Patent Convention
  • VICOM/Merrill Lynch
  • Pension Benefits/Hitachi
  • Macrossan

Tue 19 Jan.

Intellectual Property Rights 3

 

Supply Contracts for IT Hardware and Software.

  • Software Good or Service?
  • Shrink-wrap licences
  • Click-wrap agreements
  • Defective Software
  • Repairs and Upgrades

Tue 26 Jan.

Intellectual Property Rights 4

 

Online Business Models and IPRs

  • IPRs and Digitisation
  • Linking, Caching and Aggregating
  • Peer-To-Peer Networks
  • Information and the Public Domain

Tue 2 Feb.

Intellectual Property Rights 5

 

Databases

  • Copyright and the Database Right
  • The Database Right
  • Databases and the Information Society

Tue 9 Feb.

Dissertation Reading Week

N/A

Data Privacy 1

Data Protection Part 1

  • Digitisation, Personal Data and The Data Industry.
  • Data Protection Act 1998: Background and Structure
  • The Data Protection Principles, Processing and Fairness

Tue 23 Feb.

Data Privacy 2

Data Protection Part 2

  • Conditions for Processing of Personal Data
  • Supervision of Data Controllers: Data Subject Rights
  • State Supervision of Data Controllers

Tue 2 Mar.

Data Privacy 3

Surveillance and Supervision.

  • Enhanced CCTV
  • RFID Tracking
  • Data Retention and Identity

Tue 9 Mar.

Future Developments in Law and the Digital Society

Future Developments

  • Virtualisation of Property
  • Centralisation of Data
  • Multi-source data
  • Web 3.0
  • Law 2.0

Tue 16 Mar.

The Course Handbook which contains full details of all of the above may be accessed HERE

Part Two - The Course Discussion Board

Anything you want to discuss about the class or the materials? Then take part in an on-line discussion with the class discussion board.

Just Click Here !

Part Three - Course News

Course news and materials will be posted in the Virtual Law@LSE Blog.

My office hours for the 2009/10 session are:

Monday 2 - 3.30 Please make appointments via LSE for You

Part Four - Assessed Materials

Mock Examination Paper
2002 Examination Paper
2003 Examination Paper
2004 Examination Paper
2005 Examination Paper
2006 Examination Paper
2007 Examination Paper
2008 Examination Paper
2009 Examination Paper

Part Five - Sites of Interest and Other Useful Links

General Sites - which may be of particular use in revision and/or the preparation of essays

The British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII)
The Legal Information Institute
The World Intellectual Property Organisation
Findlaw
Lex Mercatoria
The Cyberlaw Encyclopaedia
United Nations
Cyber Rights and Cyber Liberties (UK)
Internet Society
Web Journal of Current Legal Issues (Web JCLI)
Journal of Information Law and Technology (JILT)
Info (*)
International Journal of Law and Information Technology (*)
International Review of Law, Computers & Technology (*)
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology
Berkeley Technology Law Journal
Journal of Technology Law and Policy
Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Stanford Technology Law Review
Virginia Journal of Law and Technology
The Filter
Wired
Law.com
Digital-Rights.net
Berkeley Centre for Law and Technology
Berkeman Centre for Internet and Society
Electronic Frontier Foundation
Lawrence Lessig
Michael Froomkin

An Introduction to Electronic Media

How a PC Works
How the Internet Works
A Brief History of the Internet (Leiner et al)
A Brief History of Computing (Meyers)
Beginner's Guide to Computing and the Internet
The History of Computing Foundation
The Computer Chronicles
The Internet Society - All About the Internet
Introduction to HTML
Introduction to XML/XSL
Introduction to TCP/IP
Web Developers Virtual Library
Reno v ACLU
Net Neutrality: This is Serious (Berners-Lee)

Digitization and the Law

Code Ver 2.0 (Lessig)
Controlling the New Media: Hybrid Responses to New Forms of Power (Murray & Scott)
What Larry Doesn’t Get: Code, Law and Liberty in Cyberspace (Post)
Selling Wine Without Bottles: The Economy of Mind on the Global Net (Barlow)
Law And Borders: The Rise of Law in Cyberspace (Post & Johnston)
No Patents on Ideas (Jefferson)
The Future of Intellectual Property (Spinello) (*)
The Regulatory Edge of the Internet (Murray)

Branding and Trade Marks in the Information Society (1)

Pitman Training v Nominet
BT v One in a Million (Court of Appeal)
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
The ICANN Domain Name Dispute Policy
The ICANN Domain Name Dispute Rules
WIPO Domain Name Dispute Resolution Service
National Arbitration Forum DnD Resolution Service
Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre
Nominet UK DRS Policy
Nominet UK DRS Procedure
Names and Domain Names, Names as Marks (Efroni)
Regulation and Rights in Networked Space (Murray) (*)
Internet Domain Names: The Trade Mark Challenge (Murray) (*)
Success by Default: A New Profile of Domain Name Trademark Disputes under ICANN's
UDRP (Mueller)
Phones4U Ltd v Phone4u.co.uk Internet Ltd
Apple Computer Inc v CyberBritain Group Ltd [2005] DRS 02223
Ryanair v Coulson [2006] DRS 03655

Branding and Trade Marks in the Information Society (2)

Google's Law (Lastowska)
The Net Closes on eBay (Farrer & Co.)
Wilson v Yahoo!
L'Oreal v eBay
Tiffany v eBay
Google France v LVMH
LVMH v Akanoc

ECommerce - Electronic Contracts

Contracting Electronically in the Shadow of the E-Commerce Directive (Murray)
Entering Into Contracts Electronically (Murray)
Regulating Electronic Contracts Comparing the European and North American Approaches (Murray)
The Ecommerce Directive and Formation of Contract in a Comparative Perspective (Hultmark-Ramberg)
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Argos Case Study
E-Commerce Directive (Dir.2000/31/EC)
The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002

ECommerce - Electronic Signatures

What is a Signature? (Reed)
Signals, Assent and Internet Contracting (Moringiello)
Electronic signatures: legally recognised but cross-border take-up too slow (Commission)
UETA
The EU Directive on Electronic Signatures - a World Wide Model or a Fruitless Attempt to Regulate the Future? (Siems)

ECommerce - Digital Payment and Taxation

Directive on the Supervision of the Business of Electronic Money Institutions (Dir. 2000/46/EC)

Proposed E-Money Institutions Directive COM(2008)627 final, 9 October 2008
VAT on Electronic Services Directive, Dir. 2002/38/EC
PayPal and eBay: The Legal Implications of the C2C Electronic Commerce Model (Guadamuz González)
Payment Methods for Consumer-to-Consumer Online Transactions (Sorkin)
Evaluation of the E-Money Directive - Report
Application of the E-Money Directive 2000/46/EC to mobile operators
EU Staff Working Document on the E-Money Review
Kohlbach: Making Sense of Electronic Money
Papadopoulos: Electronic Money and the Prospect of a Cashless Society
Ottawa Taxation Framework
Soete & Kamp: The ‘BIT TAX’: the case for further research

The Electronic Public Sphere - E-Government

Galindo: Basic Aspects of the Regulation of e-Government (2005) 2/3 JILT
e-government: A strategic Framework for Public Services in the Information Age, April 2000.
e-government: A strategic Framework for Public Services in the Information Age, September 2000.
Electronic Voting, August 2007
Lisbon Declaration
Transformational Government: Enabled by Technology, November 2005

The Information Enabled Legal Profession

Gottschalk: Use of IT for Knowledge Management in Law Firms

Gottschalk: Use of IT in Law Firms as Enabler of Inter-Organisational Knowledge Networks

Copyright in Computer Software

Convergence in the Law of Software Copyright (Lemley)
The Role of Copyright in Protecting the Creativity of Programmers (Cameron)
Guide to Protection of Computer Software (United States)
Computer Associates v Altai
Lotus v Borland
Whelan Associates Inc. v Jaslow Dental Laboratory
Mars v Teknowledge
Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. v Ball et al.
Navitaire v Easyjet
Point Solutions Ltd. v Focus Business Solutions Ltd.

Patenting Software Applications: Patents for Algorithms

Protecting Internet Business Methods: Amazon.com and the 1-Click Checkout (Jarvenpaa & Tiller)
CFPH’s Application [2005] EWHC 1589 (Pat)
Patents Act 1977: Examining for Patentability (UK Patent office)
Software and Computer Related Business Method Inventions: Must Europe Adopt American Patent Culture? (Freedman)(*)
As Many as Six Impossible Patents Before Breakfast (Merges)

Supply Contracts for IT Hardware and Software

 

Online Business Models and IPRs

MGM v Grokster - Supreme Court Decision
A & M Records Inc. & Ors. v Napster Inc.
Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd (Note this is 160pp)
Unlawful? Innovative? Unstoppable? A Comparative Analysis of the Potential Legal Liability facing P2P End-users in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada (Piasentin)
His Napster's Voice (Post)
Legally Speaking: Did MGM Really Win the Grokster Case? (Samuelson)
Digital Downloads, Access Codes, and US Copyright Law (Landau) (*)
What's at Stake in MGM v Grokster? (Samuelson)
Professor Lessig's Expert Brief for the Napster Case
Sony Corp. v Universal City Studios Inc.
MGM v Grokster (Court of Appeals 9th Cir)
RIAA v Verizon (DC Court of Appeals)
Testimony of P2P United and the EFF before the US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation

Databases

Evaluation Report on the Sui Generis Database Right (European Commission)
BHRB v William Hill (High Court)
BHRB v William Hill (ECJ) - This is the Important one !!!
Sui Generis Database Right: Ripe for Review? (Colston)
Mapping the Digital Public Domain: Threats and Opportunities (Samuelson)
Linklaters Commentary on the BHRB Case
Recent developments in copyright, database protection and (online) licensing (Lai) (*)

Data Privacy

The Data Protection Act 1998
The Data Protection (Processing of Sensitive Personal Data) Order 2000
EU Data Protection Directive (Dir.95/46/EC)
Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications (Dir.2002/58/EC)
Anonymising Personal Data (Walden) (*)
Office of the Information Commissioner
Tilting at Windmills - Has the New Data Protection Law failed to make a Significant Contribution to Rights of Privacy (Bainbridge & Pearce)
CJHA: Data Protection Guide
Durant v FSA
R v Department of Health Ex. parte Source Informatics Ltd. (No.1)
Johnson v The Medical Defence Union
Bodil Lindqvist

Surveillance and Supervision

Drawing a Blank: The Failure of Facial Recognition Technology in Tampa, Florida (Stanley & Steinhardt)
CCTV Code of Practice (Office of the Information Commissioner)
Considerations on the Emerging Implementation of Biometric Technology (Feldman) (*)
Biometrics and Privacy (Van Der Ploeg) (*)
Interaction of RFID Technology and Public Policy (Kumar)
RFID Position Statement of Consumer Privacy and Civil Liberties Organizations
The RFID Privacy Website

Future Developments

 

(*) - Subscription materials. Access from within the LSE or use your institutional password.

Part Six - Contact Details and Other Miscellaneous Information

Do you have a question on this week's materials? Something that's not clear or you can't get hold of? If you do or if you just have a general enquiry and you want to ask the tutor then just:

Mail Andrew Murray

All questions, queries or other enquiries should be directed to Mr. Andrew Murray who the webmaster for this site.

Contact

Mr. Andrew Murray

Law Department

London School of Economics
Houghton Street
London, WC2A 2AE

Tel: 020 7849 4645
Fax: 020 7955 7366

E-mail: a.murray@lse.ac.uk

© 2002 - 2009 Andrew D. Murray


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contents

Course Discussion Board

Course Handbook

Examination Paper 2009

Examination Paper 2008

Examination Paper 2007

Examination Paper 2006

Examination Paper 2005

Examination Paper 2004

Examination Paper 2003

Examination Paper 2002

Mock Examination Paper