Information Technology and the Law: Information and Support

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Andrew D. Murray

Law Department
London School of Economics and Political Science
Houghton Street
London WC2A 2AE

Tel: 020 7849 4645 Fax: 020 7955 7366
a.murray[at]lse.ac.uk


Welcome to LL.210 - Information Technology and the Law

Information Technology and the Law is a full-unit option available to second and third year LSE LL.B. Students. Other students may take the course with the permission of the course organiser. To check availability of this course on your programme consult the Calendar.

This page is designed to provide support for all students taking the undergraduate option in Information Technology and the Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science.


Part One - The Class

 

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this course is to respond to the immense impact computers and the Internet are having, firstly, on substantive law, and, secondly, on the legal process and the nature of law. "Computer law" has developed since the Seventies from a patchwork of specialist applications of ordinary rules of contract, criminal law etc to a rapidly growing specialist cognate discipline. It has now expanded to embrace (or be subsumed by) the emergent field of legal regulation of the Internet. The course intends to examine the legal ramifications of computerisation and the Internet, including topics such as e-commerce, intellectual property in software and hardware, privacy rights in relation to electronic information, content liability, censorship and freedom of expression on the Internet, computer crime etc. Themes relevant throughout the course will be discussed such as globalisation, trans-jurisdictionality, enforcement issues, regulatory forms (including self-regulation and soft law) and the competing lobbies for consumers, corporations, industry players, rights-holders and cyber-libertarians. Sources will be drawn from the legal systems of the UK, the US, the EC and Australia.

The objectives of the course are to enable students:

(a) to understand and deal with the legal issues associated with software, hardware, the computer industry and the Internet, and

(b) to consider the impact of computerisation on law, society, and individual.

Teaching Methodology

This class will be taught by one two-hour lecture on Mondays at 11am in Room S.221 (NABLG03 in the Lent Term) and one class per week held on Friday afternoons. Your allocated class may be found in your LSE for You listings.

Students must attend one class per week. You have been allocated to one of these groups. ONLY ATTEND THE CLASS TO WHICH YOU ARE ALLOCATED. Students are expected to carry out the reading contained on the reading list and be in a position to discuss the issues raised in the reading at the following meeting of the class.

Course Texts

All texts recommended for purchase may be bought online through the On-line Bookshop.

The recommended texts for purchase for this class are:

Recommended for Purchase

Also recommended:

Course Assessment

The course will be assessed by means of one three-hour unseen examination to be held during the examinations period of the summer term at a date and time to be advised in the LSE examinations timetable.

External Examination Procedures

The external examiner for this course is Dr. Ronan Deazley of the University of Birmingham.

LL.210 - Class Timetable

 

Michaelmas Term 2009

 

 

Subject

 

Date

An Introduction to IT Law

An introduction to the subject matter and content of the course.

Mon 5 Oct.

The Technology of the Information Society

A short history of computers and the Internet.

  • Introducing the Internet (History)
  • How the Modern Internet Functions
  • Higher Level Protocols

Mon 12 Oct.

Cyberlaw Theory 1

Digitisation and Law.

  • The worlds of Atoms and Bits
  • The move from Atoms to Bits
  • Digital Convergence
  • The Cross-border challenge of information law

Mon 19 Oct.

Cyberlaw Theory 2

Regulating the Digital Environment

  • Can we regulate the Digital Environment?
  • Lawrence Lessig’s Modalities of Regulation
  • Network Communitarianism
  • Regulators in Cyberspace: Private Regulators
  • Regulators in Cyberspace: States and Supranational Regulation

Mon 26 Oct.

Cyberlaw Theory 3

Digital Property and Virtual Property

  • Digital Property
  • Digital Trespass
  • Virtual Property
  • Virtual Environments
  • The Game versus the Law

Mon 2 Nov.

Speech and Harm 1

Cyber-Speech

  • From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0
  • Freedom Expression and Social Responsibility
  • Political Speech
  • Hate Speech
  • Commercial Speech

Mon 9 Nov.

Speech and Harm 2

Defamation in Cyberspace

  • The Tort of Defamation
  • Digital Defamation: Publication and Republication
  • Digital Defamation: Liability
  • Digital Defamation and UGC

Mon 16 Nov.

Speech and Harm 3

Pornography and Obscenity in the Information Society

  • Obscenity
  • Pornography
  • Child Abuse Images and Pseudo Images
  • Age Play
  • Extreme Pornography
  • Private Regulation of Pornographic Imagery

Mon 23 Nov.

Speech and Harm 4

Computer Misuse

  • Hacking
  • Viruses, Criminal Damage & Mailbombing
  • Denial of Service and Supply of Devices

Mon 30 Nov.

Speech and Harm 5

Crime and Law Enforcement in the Information Society

  • Fraud and Identity Theft
  • Grooming, Harassment and Cyberstalking
  • Cyberterrorism
  • Bandwidth Theft
  • The Convention on Cybercrime

Mon 7 Dec.

 

Lent Term 2010

 

Subject

 

Date

 

Intellectual Property Rights 1

 

Intellectual Property Rights and the Information Society

  • An Introduction to IPRs
  • IPRs and Digitisation
  • Linking, Caching and Aggregating
  • Peer-To-Peer Networks
  • Information and the Public Domain

Mon 11 Jan.

Intellectual Property Rights 2

 

Software

  • Copyright in Computer Software.
  • Literal Copying
  • Non-Literal Copying
  • Permitted Acts
  • Patent Protection for Computer Software

Mon 18 Jan.

Intellectual Property Rights 3

 

Branding and Trade Marks in the Information Society

  • Trade Marks and Branding
  • Trade Marks in the Global Business Environment
  • Domain Names as Badges of Identity
  • Trade Mark/Domain Name Disputes
  • The ICANN UDRP
  • The Nominet DRS

Mon 25 Jan.

Intellectual Property Rights 4

 

Databases

  • Copyright and the Database Right
  • The Database Right
  • Databases and the Information Society

Mon 1 Feb.

E-Commerce 1

Electronic Contracts

  • Contracting Informally
  • Formal Contracts

Mon 8 Feb.

No Class
Reading Week Mon 15 Feb.

E-Commerce 2

Electronic Payments and Taxation

  • Electronic Payments
  • The Electronic Money Directive
  • Ecommerce Taxation

Mon 22 Feb.

Data Privacy 1

Data Protection

  • Digitisation, Personal Data and The Data Industry.
  • Data Protection Act 1998: Background and Structure
  • The Data Protection Principles, Processing and Fairness
  • Conditions for Processing of Personal Data
  • Supervision of Data Controllers: Data Subject Rights
  • State Supervision of Data Controllers

Mon 1 Mar.

Data Privacy 2

Surveillance and Supervision.

  • Enhanced CCTV
  • RFID Tracking
  • Data Retention and Identity

Mon 8 Mar.

The Digital Public Sphere

The Public Sphere

  • E-government
  • The Digital Divide.
  • The Democratic Divide.

Future Developments

  • Web 3.0
  • Law 2.0

Mon 15 Mar.

The Course Handbook may be accessed HERE

Part Two - The Course Discussion Board

Anything you want to discuss about the class or the materials? Then take part in an on-line

discussion with the class discussion board. This may be accessed via the LL.210 Moodle Support Page.

Part Three - Course News

Course news and materials will be posted in the Virtual Law@LSE Blog.

My office hours for the 2009/10 session are:

Monday 2 - 3.30. Please make appointments via LSE for You

Part Four - Assessed Materials

Mock Examination Paper 1
Mock Examination Paper 2
2001 Examination Paper
2002 Examination Paper
2003 Examination Paper
2004 Examination Paper
2005 Examination Paper
2006 Examination Paper
2007 Examination Paper
2008 Examination Paper
2009 Examination Paper

Part Five - Sites of Interest and Other Useful Links

General Sites - which may be of particular use in revision and/or the preparation of essays

The British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII)
The Legal Information Institute
The World Intellectual Property Organisation
Findlaw
Lex Mercatoria
The Cyberlaw Encyclopaedia
United Nations
Cyber Rights and Cyber Liberties (UK)
Internet Society
Web Journal of Current Legal Issues (Web JCLI)
Journal of Information Law and Technology (JILT)
Info (*)
International Journal of Law and Information Technology (*)
International Review of Law, Computers & Technology (*)
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology
Berkeley Technology Law Journal
Journal of Technology Law and Policy
Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Stanford Technology Law Review
Virginia Journal of Law and Technology
The Filter
Wired
Law.com
Digital-Rights.net
Berkeley Centre for Law and Technology
Berkeman Centre for Internet and Society
Electronic Frontier Foundation
Lawrence Lessig
Michael Froomkin

An Introduction to Electronic Media

How a PC Works
How the Internet Works
A Brief History of the Internet (Leiner et al)
A Brief History of Computing (Meyers)
Beginner's Guide to Computing and the Internet
The History of Computing Foundation
The Computer Chronicles
The Internet Society - All About the Internet
Introduction to HTML
Introduction to XML/XSL
Introduction to TCP/IP
Web Developers Virtual Library
Reno v ACLU
Net Neutrality: This is Serious (Berners-Lee)

Digitization and the Law

Code Ver 2.0 (Lessig)
Controlling the New Media: Hybrid Responses to New Forms of Power (Murray & Scott)
What Larry Doesn’t Get: Code, Law and Liberty in Cyberspace (Post)
Selling Wine Without Bottles: The Economy of Mind on the Global Net (Barlow)
Law And Borders: The Rise of Law in Cyberspace (Post & Johnston)
No Patents on Ideas (Jefferson)
The Future of Intellectual Property (Spinello) (*)
The Regulatory Edge of the Internet (Murray)

Regulating the Digital Environment

Code Ver.2.0 (Lessig)

A Declaration of Independence for Cyberspace (Barlow)
Controlling the New Media: Hybrid Responses to New Forms of Power (Murray & Scott) (*)
What Larry Doesn’t Get: Code, Law and Liberty in Cyberspace (Post)
Law And Borders: The Rise of Law in Cyberspace (Post & Johnston)
The Future of Intellectual Property (Spinello) (*)
The Regulatory Edge of the Internet (Murray)

Digital and Virtual Property

Lastowka: Decoding Cyberproperty
eBay v. Bidder’s Edge Inc.
Intel Corp. v. Hamidi
Plant v. Service Direct (UK)
Radin: Information Tangibility

Thrifty-Tel, Inc. v. Bezenek

CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions Inc
Balkin: Virtual Liberty: Freedom to Design and Freedom to Play in Virtual Worlds
Fairfield: Virtual Property
Talbot: The Fleecing of the Avatars
Xuan: Virtual Property in Greater China
Entropia Universe
Second Life
About the Crystal Palace Sale
Selling Wine Without Bottles: The Economy of Mind on the Global Net (Barlow)
The Trouble With Trespass (Burke)
Is it really just a game? (Lim)
Bragg v Linden & Rosedale
Eros LLC v Simon (Complaint)
Eros LLC v Simon (Judgement)

Cyber-Speech

Fagin: Regulating speech across borders: technology vs values
Lessig: What Things Regulate Speech: CDA 2.0 vs. Filtering
Volokh: Freedom of Speech, Cyberspace, Harassment Law and the Clinton Adminstration
Volokh: Freedom of Speech and Information Privacy: The Troubling Implications of a Right to Stop People From Speaking About You Edelman: An Empirical Analysis of Google Safesearch.
Lessig & Resnick: Zoning Speech on the Internet: A Legal & Technical Model
Naples & Maher: Cybersmearing: A Legal Conflict Between Individuals and Corporations
O'Neil: Free Speech in Cyberspace: Communications Decency and Beyond
Mayer-Schönberger & Foster: A Regulatory Web: Free Speech and the Global Information Infrastructure
Electoral Commission: Online Election Campaigns: Report and Recommendations
Reno v ACLU
LICRA et UEJF v Yahoo and Yahoo France (22/5/00)    
LICRA et UEJF v Yahoo and Yahoo France (11/8/00)
LICRA et UEJF v Yahoo and Yahoo France (20/11/00)
Yahoo Inc. v LICRA (N.D. Cal. Filed 23 August 2004)
Yahoo Inc. v LICRA (App. Ct. ND Cal. Filed 12 January 2006)

Defamation in Cyberspace

Ministry of Justice: Consultation on Defamation and the Internet: the multiple publication rule
Boehm: A Brave New World of Free Speech: Should Interactive Computer Service Providers Be Held Liable for the Material They Disseminate?
Brenner: Should Online Defamation Be Criminalized?

Dow Jones & Company Inc. v Gutnick: An Adequate Response to Transnational Internet Defamation? (Garnett)

Liability of Internet Service Providers for Defamation in the US and Britain: Same Competing Interests, Different Responses (Deturbide)
Defamation Law in Turmoil (Weaver)
Communications Decency Act 1996
Defamation Act 1996
European Convention on Human Rights
Godfrey v Demon
King v Lewis
Bunt v Tilley
Dow Jones v Gutnick
Stratton Oakmont v Prodigy
Zeran v AOL
Cubby v CompuServe

Obscenity and Pornography in the Information Society

Murray: The Reclassification of Extreme Pornographic Images 
Wolak, Mitchell & Finkelhor: Internet Sex Crimes against Minors: The Response of Law Enforcement
Governance of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Global Internet: A Multi Layered Approach (Akdeniz)
Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime
Slocum: Virtual Child Pornography: Does it Mean the End of the Child Pornography Exception to the First Amendment?
Davies: The hidden censors of the internet
Miller v California
Reno v ACLU
R v Sharpe
R v Thompson
R v Bowden
Aschroft v Free Speech Coalition
Sexual Offences Act 2003

Computer Misuse

Revision of the Computer Misuse Act (All Party Internet Group)
A Critical Look at the Regulation of Computer Viruses (Klang) (*)
Cyber-Crimes: A Practical Approach to the Application of Federal Computer Crime Laws (Sinrod & Reilly)
Section 3 of the Computer Misuse Act 1990: an Antidote for Computer Viruses! (Akdeniz)
Insider Cyber-Threats: Problems and Perspectives (Hamin) (*)
The Myth of the Computer Hacker (Skibell) (*)
Employees, Not Hackers, Greatest Computer Threat (Noack)
R. v Bow Street Magistrates Court and Allison, ex parte Government of the United States of America

Crime and Law Enforcement in the Information Society

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: Thematic discussion: Economic fraud and identity-related crime
R v M
R v Rowe
R v Zafar

IPRs in the Information Society

Samuelson: Legally Speaking: Did MGM Really Win the Grokster Case?
Sweden v The Pirate Bay
Sony Corporation of America v Universal City Studios, Inc
A&M Records, Inc v Napster, Inc
MGM Studios v Grokster
Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd (Note this is 160pp)
Unlawful? Innovative? Unstoppable? A Comparative Analysis of the Potential Legal Liability facing P2P End-users in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada (Piasentin)
His Napster's Voice (Post)
Digital Downloads, Access Codes, and US Copyright Law (Landau) (*)
What's at Stake in MGM v Grokster? (Samuelson)
Professor Lessig's Expert Brief for the Napster Case
RIAA v Verizon (DC Court of Appeals)
Testimony of P2P United and the EFF before the US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation

Copyright in Computer Software

Convergence in the Law of Software Copyright (Lemley)
The Role of Copyright in Protecting the Creativity of Programmers (Cameron)
Guide to Protection of Computer Software (United States)
Computer Associates v Altai
Lotus v Borland
Whelan Associates Inc. v Jaslow Dental Laboratory
Mars v Teknowledge
Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. v Ball et al.
Navitaire v Easyjet
Point Solutions Ltd. v Focus Business Solutions Ltd.

Branding and Trade Marks in the Information Society

Pitman Training v Nominet
BT v One in a Million (Court of Appeal)
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
The ICANN Domain Name Dispute Policy
The ICANN Domain Name Dispute Rules
WIPO Domain Name Dispute Resolution Service
National Arbitration Forum DnD Resolution Service
Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre
Nominet UK DRS Policy
Nominet UK DRS Procedure
Names and Domain Names, Names as Marks (Efroni)
Regulation and Rights in Networked Space (Murray) (*)
Internet Domain Names: The Trade Mark Challenge (Murray) (*)
Success by Default: A New Profile of Domain Name Trademark Disputes under ICANN's
UDRP (Mueller)
Phones4U Ltd v Phone4u.co.uk Internet Ltd
Apple Computer Inc v CyberBritain Group Ltd [2005] DRS 02223
Ryanair v Coulson [2006] DRS 03655

Databases

Evaluation Report on the Sui Generis Database Right (European Commission)
BHRB v William Hill (High Court)
BHRB v William Hill (ECJ) - This is the Important one !!!
Sui Generis Database Right: Ripe for Review? (Colston)
Mapping the Digital Public Domain: Threats and Opportunities (Samuelson)
Linklaters Commentary on the BHRB Case
Recent developments in copyright, database protection and (online) licensing (Lai) (*)

ECommerce - Electronic Contracts

Contracting Electronically in the Shadow of the E-Commerce Directive (Murray)
Entering Into Contracts Electronically (Murray)
Regulating Electronic Contracts Comparing the European and North American Approaches (Murray)
The Ecommerce Directive and Formation of Contract in a Comparative Perspective (Hultmark-Ramberg)
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Argos Case Study
E-Commerce Directive (Dir.2000/31/EC)
The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002
What is a Signature? (Reed)
Signals, Assent and Internet Contracting (Moringiello)
Electronic signatures: legally recognised but cross-border take-up too slow (Commission)
UETA
The EU Directive on Electronic Signatures - a World Wide Model or a Fruitless Attempt to Regulate the Future? (Siems)

ECommerce - Digital Payment and Taxation

Directive on the Supervision of the Business of Electronic Money Institutions (Dir. 2000/46/EC)

Proposed E-Money Institutions Directive COM(2008)627 final, 9 October 2008
VAT on Electronic Services Directive, Dir. 2002/38/EC
PayPal and eBay: The Legal Implications of the C2C Electronic Commerce Model (Guadamuz González)
Payment Methods for Consumer-to-Consumer Online Transactions (Sorkin)
Evaluation of the E-Money Directive - Report
Application of the E-Money Directive 2000/46/EC to mobile operators
EU Staff Working Document on the E-Money Review
Kohlbach: Making Sense of Electronic Money
Papadopoulos: Electronic Money and the Prospect of a Cashless Society
Ottawa Taxation Framework
Soete & Kamp: The ‘BIT TAX’: the case for further research

Data Protection

The Data Protection Act 1998
The Data Protection (Processing of Sensitive Personal Data) Order 2000
EU Data Protection Directive (Dir.95/46/EC)
Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications (Dir.2002/58/EC)
Anonymising Personal Data (Walden) (*)
Office of the Information Commissioner
Tilting at Windmills - Has the New Data Protection Law failed to make a Significant Contribution to Rights of Privacy (Bainbridge & Pearce)
CJHA: Data Protection Guide
Durant v FSA
R v Department of Health Ex. parte Source Informatics Ltd. (No.1)
Johnson v The Medical Defence Union
Bodil Lindqvist

Surveillance and Supervision

Drawing a Blank: The Failure of Facial Recognition Technology in Tampa, Florida (Stanley & Steinhardt)
CCTV Code of Practice (Office of the Information Commissioner)
Considerations on the Emerging Implementation of Biometric Technology (Feldman) (*)
Biometrics and Privacy (Van Der Ploeg) (*)
Interaction of RFID Technology and Public Policy (Kumar)
RFID Position Statement of Consumer Privacy and Civil Liberties Organizations
The RFID Privacy Website

The Electronic Public Sphere

Galindo: Basic Aspects of the Regulation of e-Government (2005) 2/3 JILT
e-government: A strategic Framework for Public Services in the Information Age, April 2000.
e-government: A strategic Framework for Public Services in the Information Age, September 2000.
Electronic Voting, August 2007
Lisbon Declaration
Transformational Government: Enabled by Technology, November 2005

(*) - Subscription materials. Access from within the LSE or use your ATHENS password.

Part Six - Contact Details and Other Miscellaneous Information

Do you have a question on this week's materials? Something that's not clear or you can't get hold of? If you do or if you just have a general enquiry and you want to ask the tutor then just:

Mail Andrew Murray

All questions, queries or other enquiries should be directed to Mr. Andrew Murray who the webmaster for this site.

Contact

Mr. Andrew Murray

Law Department

London School of Economics
Houghton Street
London, WC2A 2AE

Tel: 020 7849 4645
Fax: 020 7955 7366

E-mail: a.murray@lse.ac.uk

© 2002 - 2009 Andrew D. Murray


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contents

LL.210 Course Handbook

Examination Paper 2009

Examination Paper 2008

Examination Paper 2007

Examination Paper 2006

Examination Paper 2005

Examination Paper 2004

Examination Paper 2003

Examination Paper 2002

Examination Paper 2001