THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
BIOGRAPHY AND GLOSSARY
BIOGRAPHY AND GLOSSARY
| (1561-1626) the father of modern science; mother was a Calvinist; wrote Novum Organum. His method was to gather facts and then draw theories from them (Inductive Method). He was not a great scientist, but his writings helped scientific progress. His book The New Atlantis was a political fable, but in it he describes many later inventions (does that make him a science fiction writer?) He was a lawyer and then a judge. He was accused of taking bribes in 1621 (but all judges did so in that day) and confessed to some of the charges. Because King James I liked him, the fine of 40,000 pounds was erased. See entry in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |  |
| (1802-1881) US Congregational preacher; against slavery. See entry in 1911 Encyclopedia |  |
| (c1214-1294) Studied mathematics, astronomy, optics, alchemy, and languages; the first European to describe in detail the process of making gunpowder, and he proposed flying machines and motorized ships and carriages. Bacon (as he himself complacently remarked) displayed a prodigious energy and zeal in the pursuit of experimental science; indeed, his studies were talked about everywhere and eventually won him a place in popular literature as a kind of wonder worker. Bacon therefore represents a historically precocious expression of the empirical spirit of experimental science, even though his actual practice of it seems to have been exaggerated. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1887-1954) Scottish Presbyterian pastor and theologian; taught at St Andrews; Post-Liberal; ecumenical leader; wrote God was in Christ; his older brother was John. See entry in The Baillie Report |  |
| Wrote thesis on nineteenth-century Princeton theology. See entry at Yorktown University |  |
| (1834-1924) Anglican preacher; wrote hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers." |  |
| (1798-1870) US Presbyterian wrote commentaries on OT and NT. He was an Amillennialist; graduated at Hamilton College, Princeton Theological Seminary; ordained as a Presbyterian minister by the presbytery of Elizabethtown, New Jersey; held to freewill and tried but not convicted for his lack of holding Calvanism in 1836. See entry in Christian Courier |  |
| (1895-1960) US Presbyterian pastor for 33 years in one church; founder of Eternity magazine; wrote several books including commentary on Romans. |  |
| (1630-1677) Anglican pastor and mathematics scholar; preached long sermons. |  |
| (1886-1968) Swiss theologian; professor at Munster, Bonn, Basel; founder of neo-orthodoxy; wrote 1. Dogmatics in Outline; 2. The Epistle to the Romans; 3. Die Kirchliche Dogmatik; 4. The Knowledge of God and the Service of God; 5. From Rousseau to Ritschl; 6. A Shorter Commentary on Romans; 7. Theologische Fragen und Antworten; and 8. The Word of God and the Word of Man. Ousted from Germany for opposing Hitler; taught absolute transcendence of God; Bible becomes the Word of God as it is read; all people are elected in Christ. |  |
| (c 330-379) Bishop of Caesarea; successor of Athanasius; stated Trinity as one substance in three persons (hypostases); formula adopted at Council of Constantinople in 381. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1854-1921) Dutch Reformed theologian; taught at Kampen and Free University of Amsterdam. Wrote The Doctrine of God. |  |
| (1615-1691) English Anglican Puritan theologian; persecuted as a Puritan; wrote 100 books including: 1. The Saint's Everlasting Rest; 2. The Reformed Pastor; and 3. A Call to the Unconverted. |  |
| (1908-1986) female existential author. Began modern feminist movement. Wrote 1. The Second Sex; and 2. The Mandarins. |  |
| (c 673-735) English monk and historian; wrote Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation; used allegory in his sermons. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1813-1887) US Congregational great liberal preacher; pastored for 40 years in one church. |  |
| (1775-1853) US Congregational and Presbyterian preacher; preached against social sins; tried to drive out Unitarians; President of Lane Seminary |  |
| (1542-1621) Jesuit theologian and saint; established Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica as basis for Roman Catholic authority. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1687-1752) German Lutheran Greek scholar; wrote Gnomen of the New Testament. |  |
| (1748-1832) Philosopher and jurist; began to study Latin at the age of three; at twelve, he was sent to Queen's College Oxford where his father, an attorney, hoped Jeremy would also become a lawyer and maybe Lord Chancellor of England. Bentham, however, soon became disillusioned with the law, especially after hearing the lectures of the leading authority of the day, Sir William Blackstone (1723-80). Instead of practising the law, he decided to write about it, and he spent his life criticising the existing law and suggesting ways for its improvement. His father's death in 1792 left him financially independent, and for nearly forty years he lived quietly in Westminster, producing between ten and twenty sheets of manuscript a day, even when he was in his eighties. |  Age 40 |  Age 75 |
| (1874-1948) Russian professor at Moscow, exiled in 1922; Marxist; returned to the Russian Orthodox Church; stressed personal existence; wrote 1. The Beginning and the End; 2. the Destiny of Man; and 3. The Russian Idea. |  |
| (1859-1941) French philosopher; professor at College de France; wrote 1. Introduction to Metaphysics; 2. Bewusstseinstheologie; 3. Creative Evolution; and 4. The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. Pragmatic vitalism; vital impetus (élan vital) in all creatures esp. mankind seen in morality and religion; taught creative or emergent evolution where the élan vital within matter develops reality to new ends. See Bergsonianism |  |
(1685-1753) Irish theistic philosopher; subjective idealist; said material objects exist only
as perceived by us; also said, for these ideas to exist, God must exist; refuted
Deists; wrote Alciphron. Pronounce his name as BARK-lee.
See diagram of Berkeley's theory of reality.
See entry in Internet Encyclopedia
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| (1873-1957) Calvinist professor of systematic theology and president of Calvin theological Seminary (1931-44); wrote 1. History of Christian Doctrines, 2. Manual of Christian Doctrine, 3. Principles of Biblical Interpretation, and 4. Systematic Theology. |  |
| (c 1090-1153) French Cistercian monk; mystic; wrote hymns: "Jesus, Thou Joy of Loving Hearts," "Jesus the Very Thought of Thee," and "O Sacred Head Now Wounded." Wrote 1. Degrees of Humility and Pride and 2. Loving God. Said "God is known so far as He is loved." See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1380-1444) Italian Franciscan who founded 300 monasteries; used open-air preaching. |  |
| (1519-1605) Reformer; trained in law; taught Greek at Lausanne and Geneva; discovered Codex Bezae; successor to Calvin in Geneva; advisor to French Huguenots; took Calvinism one step beyond Calvin. |  |
| (1867-1939) US Presbyterian evangelist and author. Wrote Study of the Holy Spirit. |  |
| (1798-1874) British Congregational pastored 40 years in one church in London. See entry in 1911 Encyclopedia |  |
| (1627-1653) Scottish preacher. His sermons can be found in the book: The Works of Reverend Hugh Binning. See entry at Hall of Fame |
| (1868-1953) Scottish Presbyterian brother of James; associate of Alexander Whyte; taught at Union Seminary NY for 32 years. See entry in All-Refer |
| (1879-1949) Scottish Presbyterian brother of Hugh; wrote the Mystery of Preaching. |
| (1623-1686) Scottish Presbyterian; had a large congregation but ejected by the gov't; became itinerant preacher but arrested and died in prison. |
| (1841-1935) Methodist; helped start Chicago Hebrew Mission; supported Zionism; has forest named after him in Israel; wrote Jesus is Coming. |  |
| (1882-1968) US Presbyterian taught homiletics at Princeton; wrote many books on preaching and pastoral duties. |
| (1718-1800) Scottish Presbyterian teacher of rhetoric. See entry in 1911 Encyclopedia |
| (1712-1751) US Presbyterian pastor. |
| (1757-1827) Mystical English poet and artist from whom Altizer derived Death of God theology. |  |
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| (1885-1977) German Marx_kist philosopher; wrote The Principle of Hope which influenced Jürgen Moltmann's theology of hope |  |
| Professor of theology emeritus at Dubuque Theological Seminary in Dubuque, Iowa; did postdoctoral work at the universities of Oxford, Tübingen and Basel; wrote Essentials of Evangelical Theology, The Future of Evangelical Christianity, The Struggle of Prayer and Freedom for Obedience, and A Theology of Word and Spirit - Authority and Method in Theology. |  |
| (1861-1949) Roman Catholic professor in France; wrote L'Action. Action, not thought, is most important; a man progresses by moving from self action to social action to moral action. |  |
| (1712-1775) a Moravian pastor and friend of John Wesley; instrumental in Charles Wesley's conversion and later of John's conversion. |  |
| (1575-1624) German Lutheran mystic and theosophist. |  |
| (480-524) Used reason to support faith and tried to explain the Trinity by using Aristotle's philosophy. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1885-1962) physicist; Bohr's principle of complementarity. See Uncertainty Principle; his view of the structure of atoms resulted in a Nobel Prize for 1922. Click here for further pictures of Niels Bohr |  |
| (1810-1892) Scottish Presbyterian wrote The Memoirs and Remains of Robert Murray McCheyne and other devotional books. |  |
| (1808-1889) Scottish Presbyterian preacher and hymnwriter; wrote over 600 hymns. Wrote God's Way of Holiness. See entry in Christian Bookshop |  |
| (1221-1274) Italian Franciscan theologian and mystic; rival of Aquinas; used allegorical preaching; called "The Seraphic Doctor." Wrote 1. On the poverty of Christ, Life of St. Francis, Breviloquium, and 2. Journey to the Mind of God. Said that true knowledge comes only from the contemplation of the divine mystery. See entry in Shaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge and in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1906-1945) German Lutheran pastor; had mystical tendencies; coined term "cheap grace" and "religionless Christianity"; a member of resistance against Nazis; imprisoned 1943-1945 for plotting to kill Hitler; hanged; wrote 1. The Cost of Discipleship; 2. Ethics; 3. Creation and Fall; and 4. Letters and Papers from Prison. |  |
| (1829-1890) Had a strong religious and social emphasis before marrying William Booth; helped found Salvation Army. |  |
| (1829-1912) Methodist minister; wanted to meet needs of street people in London and began Salvation Army; travelled about 8 million kms; preached 60,000 sermons; wrote In Darkest England. |  |
| Former nun, wife of Martin Luther. |  |
| (1871-1959) Australian Baptist preacher trained under Spurgeon |
| (1848-1923) British professor at St. Andrews; held Absolute Idealism; wrote 1. The Principle of Individuality and Value; and 2. The Value and Destiny of the Individual. See entry in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |  |
| (1627-1704) French Roman Catholic known for funeral sermons. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1677-1732) Scottish Presbyterian pastor; wrote Human Nature in its Fourfold State. |  |
| (1632-1704) French Jesuit who preached to kings. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1845-1921) French professor at Sorbonne; wrote 1. On the Contingency of the Laws of Nature; and 2. Science and Religion in Contemporary Philosophy; held to Philosophy of Spirit; spirit is ultimate reality but not same as Hegelian thought; man is not only a purely physical being but also a spiritual one; all things (even inanimate things) have a kind of spiritual life of their own; emphasized on spirit as the agent of action, not thought; strong empirical emphasis |  |
| President of Princeton from 1972-88 |  |
| (1882-1968) US Episc.; pastor; taught at Union Seminary and Virginia Seminary |  |
| (1847-1910) Professor at Boston; liberal Methodist philosopher; wrote 1. The Essence of Religion; Metaphysics; and 2. Personalism. Popularized personal idealism and emphasized the immanence of God; Philosophy of Spirit; spirit is ultimate reality but not same as Hegelian thought; man not only a purely physical being but also a spiritual one; all things (even inanimate things) have a kind of spiritual life of their own; emphasized on spirit as the agent of action, rather than merely thought; strong empirical emphasis |
| (1510-1555) British reformer; each sermon contained 3 questions; martyred. His writings are contained in The Writings of John Bradford, 2 vol. See entry at His Writings |  |
| (1846-1924) British professor at Merton College, Oxford; wrote 1. Appearance and Reality; and 2. Essays on Truth and Reality. Held Absolute Idealism. See entry in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |  |
| (1290-1349) Professor of divinity and mathematics at Oxford; archbishop of Canterbury; against Pelagianism; emphasized God's grace and irresistible will; died of Black Plague. |
(1718-1747) US missionary to Indians; famous for devotional diary.
See entry at  |
| (1794-1868) Welsh Methodist evangelist; founded chapels. See entry at Billy Bray Memorial Trust |  |
| (1499-1570) German Reformer influenced by Martin Luther. |
| (1701-1767) French Roman Catholic; evangelistic preacher. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |
| (1882-1962) American physicist. In 1946, he received Nobel prize in physics for work with high pressures. Wrote on operational analysis as a philosophical approach to physics. |  |
| (1841-1913) liberal professor at Union Seminary in Virginia whose hiring caused problems in Presbyterian Church; denied inspiration of Scripture; first editor of International Critical Commentary series. Wrote 1. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament and 2. Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Psalms. |  |
| (1884-1953) Professor at Boston; wrote The Problem of God. Personalist philosopher; held to finite view of God; Philosophy of Spirit; spirit is ultimate reality but not same as Hegelian thought; man not only a purely physical being but also a spiritual one; all things (even inanimate things) have a kind of spiritual life of their own; emphasized on spirit as the agent of action, rather than merely thought; strong empirical emphasis |  |
| (1827-1895) Sothern Baptist; wrote 1. On the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons and 2. History of Preaching. |  |
| (1807-1875) British Baptist pastor in one church for 24 years; opposed slavery. |
| Bromiley, Geoffrey W. Prof. of church history and historical theology at Fuller; Anglican; wrote Introduction to Historical theology and Introduction to the Theology of Karl Barth. He is also the translator of Gerhard Kittel's Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics, and many works by Helmut Thielicke, Jacques Ellul, and other influential 20th-century theologians. |
| (1830-1897) Presbyterian pastor in St. Louis, Missouri; "converted" to pre-millennialism; influenced Scofield; wrote 1. Maranatha; 2. Israel and the Church; and 3. Is the Bible Inspired? |
| (1835-1889) Episc. preacher who read his sermon from a manuscript; wrote "O Little Town of Bethlehem" |  |
| (1608-1680) Nonconformist preacher. Born into a Puritan family, he was sent to Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He soon became an advocate of the Congregational way and served as a chaplain in the Civil War. In 1648 he accepted the rectory of St. Margaret's, New Fish Street, London, but only after making his Congregational principles clear to the vestry. On several occasions he preached before Parliament. He was ejected in 1660 and remained in London as a Nonconformist preacher. Government spies reported that he preached at Tower Wharf and in Moorfields. During the Great Plague and Great Fire he worked in London, and in 1672 was granted a license to preach in Lime Street. He wrote over a dozen books, most of which are devotional in character: 1. Heaven on Earth and 2. Precious Remedies Against Satan's Devices. |
| taught theology at the Allahabad Bible Seminary, and then became the first North India staff worker for the Union of Evangelical Students of India (Inter Varsity). He was ordained as an Anglican (Episcopal) priest in 1954, and he has served in parishes in India, England, Canada, Cyprus, and Abu Dhabi wrote several commentaries on the New Testament |  |
| (1823-1886) British Baptist pastored one church for 37 years. |
| "of Edinburgh" (1784-1858) Scottish professor of Theology; wrote 8 commentaries; grandson of celebrated "John Brown of Haddington"; wrote Discourses and Saying of our Lord (1852); Expository Discourses on 1 Peter; Galatians; and The Giving of the Law |
| "of Haddington" (1722-1787) Scottish pastor; pastored one church for 36 years; a gifted preacher, and prolific writer of theology; taught himself Greek while working in the fields; minister of the Secession Church |
| (1820-1884) English Non-conformist; opposed the Calvinists. |
| (1928-1998) Roman Catholic NT scholar; wrote Introduction to the New Testament |  |
| (1865-1943) US Presbyterian liberal theologian; taught at Union (NY); said doctrines come not from revelation but from experience. |
| (1831-1899) Scottish theologian wrote The Training of the Twelve. |
| (1910-1990) Conservative NT scholar; taught at University of Manchester; wrote 1. The Canon of Scripture where some think he questioned the canon of Scripture and inerrancy; 2. The Hard Sayings of Jesus; 3. Jesus: Lord and Savior; 4. New Testament History; and 5. Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free as well as several commentaries. |  |
| (1554-1631) Scottish preacher; banished twice from his church for opposing the king. |
| (1889-1966) Swiss Reformed pastor and theologian; professor at Zurich; (with Barth) founded neo-orthodoxy; wrote 1. Man in Revolt (Christian Anthropology), 2. The Divine Imperative (ethics), 3. Christianity and Civilization, 4. The Mediator, 5. The Divine-Human Encounter, and 6. Revelation and Reason. |
| (1548-1600) Italian philosopher. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1878-1965) professor at Frankfu rt and Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jewish philosopher known for I-thou relationship; wrote 1. I and Thou and 2. Pointing the Way. |  |
| (1491-1551) (aka: Butzer) Lutheran Reformer; tried to reconcile Luther and Zwingli on Lord's Supper debate; emphasized Holy Spirit and His work; helped in English Reformation. See entry in Catholic Encyclopedia |  |
| (1878-1961) Lutheran pastor; founder of Moral Rearmament or Oxford Group. |  |
| (1485-1558) German Reformer; assisted Luther in Bible translation. See entry in 1911 Encyclopedia |
| (1871-1944) Russian professor at Moscow and Simferopol; wrote The Orthodox Church; founded the Institute of Orthodox Theology in Paris; concepts of sobornost and sophia. |
| (1583-1659) Puritan New England preacher; opposed John Cotton's Calvinism. |  |
| (1504-1575) Swiss Reformer; influenced by Erasmus; Luther; and Melanchthon; succeeded Zwingli; helped write First and Second Helvetic Confessions; opposed presbyterianism. |  |
| (1884-1976) German Lutheran NT professor at University of Marburg; associate of Barth; wrote 1. Jesus Christ and Mythology; 2. History and Eschatology; 3. Primitive Christianity in Its Contemporary Setting, 4. Theology of the New Testament, 5. Jesus and the Word, 6. The Form of the Synoptic Tradition, and 7. Kerygma and Myth. He applied Heidegger's existentialism to theology; pioneer in form criticism of Gospels; developed demythologization. |  |
| (1628-1688) English Baptist Puritan; self taught; tinker by trade; fought in Parliamentary army; imprisoned for 12 years for preaching without a license; wrote The Pilgrim's Progress from his prison cell at Bedford; also wrote 1. The Holy War and 2. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners. |  |
| (1812-1891) US Presbyterian served 40 years in one church; declared that the Democratic Party was for "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion" and thus put Grover Cleveland (Republican) into office. |  |
| (1818-1897) wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance. |  |
| (1924-1998) wrote The Secular Meaning of the Gospels. One of the leaders of Death of God movement. |
| (1866-1943) professor at Reading; wrote From Morality to Religion. Ethical emphasized; Philosophy of Spirit; spirit is ultimate reality but not same as Hegelian thought; man not only a purely physical being but also a spiritual one; all things (even inanimate things) have a kind of spiritual life of their own; emphasized on spirit as the agent of action, rather than merely thought; strong empirical emphasis. |
| (c 1297-1358) philosopher. See entry in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and Catholic Encyclopedia |
| (1643-1715) Ch. of Scotland and pastor and historian. See entry in 1911 Encyclopedia |  |
| Second president of Princeton. |  |
| (1824-1887) US Congregational pastor. |
| (1802-1876) US Congregational theologian key founder of liberalism; emphasized moral-influence view of atonement; wrote Christian Nurture which was influential in Christian Education; he pastored only one church all his life; preached from a manuscript. See entry in 1911 Encyclopedia |  |
| (1692-1752) British bishop, theologian and apologist; (in Analogy of Religion) used empirical argument to defeat Deism; natural religion is insufficient without complementary revelation; probable truth of revealed religion is as strong as probable truth of natural religion. See entry in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |  |
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