Professor of theology at Gordon-Conwell Th. Sem. Wrote: Moyse Amyraut: A Bibliography; editor of B. B. Warfield: A Bibliography and Inerrancy and Common Sense.
Nicoll, William
Robertson:
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(1851-1923) Scottish Presbyterian pastor; edited
Expositor's Bible and The Expositor's Greek New
Testament.
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Niebuhr, Helmut
Richard:
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(1894-1962) US theologian; taught at Eden Seminary and
Yale; US version of neo-orthodoxy; wrote 1.
The Meaning of
Revelation; 2. The Social Sources of Denominationalism; 3.
The Kingdom of
God in America; 4. Christ and Culture; 5. Radical Monotheism and Western Culture; younger brother
of Reinhold.
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Niebuhr, Karl Paul
Reinhold:
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(1892-1970) US pastor; older brother of Richard;
taught at Union (NY); taught ethics at Yale; neo-orthodox; main
area was ethics; wrote 1. Moral Man and Immoral Society, 2.
Christian Realism
and Political Problems, and 3. The Nature and Destiny of Man.
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Niemoller, Martin:
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(1892-1967) German protestant opposed Hitler; imprisoned at
Dachau; member of World Council of Churches.
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Nietzsche, Friedrich:
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(1844-1900) German philosopher; atheist; early existentialist;
Hitler used his view of "superman." Wrote 1. The Birth of Tragedy,
2. Beyond
Good and Evil, 3. The Genealogy of Morals, 4. Thus Spake
Zarathustra,
and 5. The Will to Power. Western man has been corrupted by two
major evils:
intellectualistic philosophy and the idealization of weakness by Christianity.
Both deny the
natural human spirit. A transvaluation or reversal of values is needed:
instead of sympathy
and pity -- contempt and aloofness; instead of neighbor love -- egoism and ruthlessness. Why? "Life is precisely
Will to Power the
fundamental fact of all history." But the transvaluation is for "free spirits"
only, for the
Superman. The everyday man is a "bridge," a something to be "surpassed."
The new morality
is "beyond good and evil," beyond the values of the "common herd," who
sublimate their
resentment of the naturally superior in the form of a conventional morality
that makes the
virtue of superiority "evil" and their own weakness "good." Altruism is a typical "slave" ideal. The new morality
embodies the
realization of the natural virtues of strength and power. "The noble type of
man regards
himself as a determiner of values."
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NIHILISM:
*
Niles, Daniel T.:
|
(1907-1970) Methodist; ecumenical leader.
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Nitzsch, Karl:
Noetus of Smyrna:
|
(c 220-c290) philosopher; held monarchianism (stressing the unity of God) and patripassianism
(Jesus was actually God the Father manifested in a different form thus the Father died on the
cross in the person of the Son); God is substantially one, but nominally three.
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NOMINALISM:
The teaching that
universals or general terms like "good" are merely
names assigned to particular things which alone are real. See Axiological nominalism or Skepticism
(emotivism)
NON-BEING:
*
NON-COGNITIVIST ETHICS:
a
Metaethical theory that denies that ethical terms are
informative. Includes Emotivism, Imperativism,
Prescriptivism,
and Good Reasons Theories.
NON-COGNITIVE MEANING:
See Emotivism *
NON-COGNITIVE:
See Emotivism
NON-CONTRADICTION:
See Non-contradiction, law of
NON-CONTRADICTION, LAW
OF:
No entity can be both what it is and not what it is with
the same specification.
NON-METAPHYSICAL:
See Non-metaphysical analysis
NON-METAPHYSICAL
ANALYSIS:
*
NON-NATURALISM:
A cognitivist ethics
NON-NATURALISTIC:
See Non-naturalistic ethics
NON-NATURALISTIC ETHICS:
*
NON-OBSERVABLES:
*
NONSENSE:
* (Wisdom)
Norbert:
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(1080-1134) German Roman Catholic canonized saint; founded a monastic order.
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NORMATIVE:
See Normative ethics
NORMATIVE ETHICS:
an attempt to
identify the universal principle(s) of morality to
which all men ought to appeal to guide or to justify their behavior, i.e., an
ideal or true code
of morality. May be distinguished as teleological or deontological
or varying combinations of both.
NOTHINGNESS:
* (Sartre)
Nott, Eliphalet:
|
(1773-1866) US Presbyterian President of Union College for 62 years.
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NOUMENA:
* (Kant)
NOUS:
* (Anaxagoras)
Noyes, Morgan Phelps:
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(1891-1972) US Presbyterian
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Nyssa:
See Gregory of Nyssa
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